From Logos to Bios
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CONTENTSAcknowledgments iIntroduction 11 • The Metaphysical Concept of Evolution 52 • Aspects of Hellenic Cosmology 14Presocratic Cosmology—The Cosmology of Plato—The Metaphysics of Aristotle—Neoplatonic Cosmology3 • Hellenic Philosophy of Life, or Bio-Philosophy 39Plato—Aristotle—Form—Reproduction and Growth—Soul—Aristotle’s Scale of Nature—Aristotle’s Teleology—The Neoplatonists—The Great Chain of Being4 • Form and Transformation 71Organic Form—Theory of Transformations—Variations Based on Rectangular Co-Ordinates—Three-Dimensional Co-Ordinate Systems—Relevance—The Limits of Transformation5 • The Modern Theory of Evolution 98Darwin and Natural Selection—The Rise of Genetics—Dobzhansky and the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis—Gould and Punctuated Equilibrium—Criticism—Variation versus Speciation—The Origin of Organic Complexity—Sudden Speciation Followed by Stasis—The Analogy of Artificial Breeding—The Improbability of Contingency—From Simple to Complex—The Struggle for Existence—Utility versus Teleology—Progress and Evolution—Materialism versus Levels of Being—Transformation versus Manifestation—Conclusion6 • Evolution According to Natural Law 146The Origin of Adaptations in Organisms—Law, Chance, and Design—The Role of Selection—The Course of Evolution—The Origin of Genes—The Orthogenetic Formation of Characters—The Role of the Geographical Landscape—The Polyphyletic Origins of Similar Forms—The Formation of New Species—The Limits Between Species—Mutation and Speciation—The Laws of Evolution—Darwinism versus Nomogenesis—Paleontological Confirmation of Mass Mutations—Biochemical Confirmation of Evolution Determin
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