Apology, Crito, and Phaedo of Socrates
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Apology, Crito, and Phaedo of SocratesBy Plato transl. Benjamin JowettThe Apology of Socrates by Plato is the Socratic dialogue that presents the speech of legal self-defence, which Socrates presented at his trial for impiety and corruption in 399 BC. Specifically, the Apology of Socrates is a defence against the charges of corrupting the young and not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in other daimonia that are novel to Athens. Crito is a dialogue by Plato. It depicts a conversation between Socrates and his wealthy friend Crito regarding justice, injustice, and the appropriate response to injustice. Socrates thinks that injustice may not be answered with injustice, and refuses Critos offer to finance his escape from prison. This dialogue contains an ancient statement of the social contract theory of government. Phædo or Phaedo, also known to ancient readers as On The Soul, is one of the best-known dialogues of Platos middle period. The Phaedo, which depicts the death of Socrates, is also Platos fourth and last dialogue to detail the philosophers final days, following Euthyphro, Apology, and Crito. In the dialogue, Socrates discusses the nature of the afterlife on his last day before being executed by drinking hemlock.Each dialogue contains insights into Ancient Greek thought, and the culture of the society as a whole. All three of these texts use ordinary conversations as a means of conveying and evolving individual ideas. It is within these early texts that Socrates demonstrates his manner of gaining insight via asking questions - this Socratic method, whereby Socrates maintains an impression of ignorance - was to define the thought of Plato.ApologyIn this dialogue, Socrates makes his case to the Athenian people at his trial. Passionately arguing against the charges of impiety levied upon him, the philosopher uses logic, reason and his natural gifts of speech in attempting to convince the crowd against sentencing him to death. While un
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